Global warming has proposed some opportunities for Russian; on the other hand, it has had threats for this country. Therefore, Russia has neither intended to constantly deny the impact of climate change on the environment and the role mankind has played in it, nor has it taken a stance at the forefront of the global fight against climate change. The main purpose of this paper is to identify the dimensions and main features of Russia's smart climate policies and to discover the reasons why Russian Federation has adopted such an approach. Therefore, the author tries to find an answer for the following question: "What are the main features and main driving forces of Russia's Smart Climate Policies? " This study, developed within the framework of the conceptual smart climate policies, has utilized a descriptive-analytical methodology and library resources to collect and analyze the appropriate date to resolve the issue at hand. Findings of this study has revealed that the main feature of Russia's smart climate policies has been exerting efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and, at the same time, getting along with the climate change phenomenon to reap its benefits. Improving energy efficiency, preparing the ground for utilizing renewable energy resources, protecting the country's assets in the Arctic, reducing the number and sequence of natural disasters and maintaining seasonal balance, are among the main motivations laying the foundation for Russia’ s greenhouse gases reduction efforts. Russia's main policy stimulus in coping with climate change, traces back to the role of global warming in facilitating access to natural resources in the Arctic, launching new shipping lanes in this region, reducing heating costs for the population living in the cold regions of northern Russia and expanding arable lands in these areas.

One of the problems facing us in the current and future centuries is climate change, which affects the agricultural sector while being affected by climate change. Smart climate agriculture is an approach that seeks to adjust agriculture and climate change. On the other hand, smart climate agricultural actions has been introduced to help farmers to improve productivity and also increase the degree of adaptation to climate change and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. The purpose of this research is to accept the farmers of Behbahan city in using this amount of consumption. In order to achieve this goal, a descriptive-all and causal-relational method and a questionnaire tool are used, the validity of which is used using the scientific methods of agricultural jihad of Behbahan city, the faculty of the department of agricultural promotion and education and water resources management of the university. he does. Receipt. To determine the reliability of this tool, it was calculated using Cronbach's alpha coefficient (0.85 ≥ α ≥ 0.70). The statistical population of the study was made up of farmers living in the Maroon watershed in Behbahan city, who are constantly exposed to the climate change phenomenon (N=51838). The number of members of the research sample was determined using the Karjesi and Morgan table of 177 people who were selected by simple random sampling and answered the research questions. In order to analyze the data, SPSS version 26 software was used. The descriptive findings of this research showed that most of the respondents were male, their age was 38.34 years, most of the respondents had higher education. The majority of the respondents only received advice on agricultural jobs in the region, and the majority of them received advice from Jihad Agricultural Service Centers. Three changes in the decision to use technology with a coefficient of 0.648, subjective perception of usefulness with a coefficient of 0.355 and subjective perception of ease with a coefficient of 0.328 respectively had the highest total causal effect on the use of smart climate agricultural technologies.

The facades of the building as a wall play an important role in the connection between the interior and exterior of the building and directly cause factors such as heat exchange inside and outside the building, management, optimization and prevention of energy loss in buildings. Therefore, climate-compatible skins are effective in designing, simulating and achieving dynamic aesthetics, on energy efficiency and qualitative improvement of climatic comfort inside the building. This research is an exploratory framework for the design of facades compatible with the climate and thermally responsive smart materials in the building shell, which is able to create thermal comfort inside the building with the aim of using environmental energy. The method used in this research is based on the combined method by examining case studies based on the descriptive-analytical process, in which library studies with logical reasoning method are used to collect information. Therefore, a comparative analysis was performed on a smart Nano sensor with thermal responsiveness and evaluation of different dimensions of Nano materials. The obtained results indicated that smart skins compatible with the climate in terms of changes and environmental conditions in different geographical climates can be used to create more comfort and safety for users and save energy resources. As a result of energy consumption and creating climatic comfort in every geographical climate, it is under the comprehensive control and management of climate compatible shells.

This study explores the role of smart cities in promoting age-friendly public health policies. A qualitative research design was employed, utilizing semi-structured interviews and a comprehensive review of scientific literature to examine emerging trends in age-friendly urban policies. The study sample consisted of 29 participants recruited from online communities, with data collection reaching theoretical saturation. Thematic analysis was conducted using NVivo software, identifying key patterns across healthcare accessibility, social engagement, mobility, urban planning, and policy development. The results highlight six major themes essential to age-friendly smart cities. Digital health technologies, such as telemedicine and AI-driven diagnostics, were found to improve healthcare accessibility but raised concerns over data privacy and digital literacy gaps. Social inclusion and community engagement initiatives were recognized as crucial in reducing isolation and promoting civic participation. Mobility solutions, including pedestrian-friendly infrastructure and AI-powered transportation, were valued but often hindered by technological accessibility barriers. Urban planning and smart infrastructure were seen as necessary for ensuring accessible housing and public spaces, while preventive healthcare programs were identified as vital but underdeveloped. Policy and governance emerged as key factors in ensuring ethical and inclusive smart city strategies, particularly in data security and public-private collaborations. The study underscores the importance of integrating digital innovations with human-centered policies to ensure smart cities are truly inclusive of aging populations. Addressing technological barriers, enhancing digital literacy, and prioritizing community engagement will be critical in fostering sustainable and health-conscious urban environments for older adults.

Technology development has led to the creation of new e-commerce tools. By providing a fast, cost-effective and secure environment, these tools play an important role in developing e-commerce. One of these tools is called smart contracts. study, in a legal study of American law, seeks to answer the question of how challenging the Iranian legal system is the policy of implementing general rules of contracts in process of concluding smart contracts. answer to this question requires, in first place, to identify the nature of these contracts. Smart contracts, contracts concluded in a decentralized context with a special ceremony. Because of the specific mechanism, the policy of implementing them in legal system of Iran is primarily based on identifying intermediaries' intentions about how to obtain and accept them in the contract. In the area of intent and responsibility of the interlocutors, the Iranian legal system faces challenges of recognizing the necessity and acceptance of the interlocutors, the compliance of the rules governing these contracts with norms in the Iranian society and the conflict of laws. In the domain of transaction, the challenges associated with asset identification and validation of digital instruments that are applicable to Smart contracts, in the area of transaction legitimacy, language of concluding smart contracts, and the nature of the available databases and artificial intelligence are among the most important challenges of the legal system. Iran can be considered. Solving these challenges requires some legislative and executive policies to describe this research.

Introduction: In recent years, a decline in saffron yield has been observed in South Khorasan, especially in Sarayan County, due to climate changes such as reduced rainfall, increased temperatures, and weather fluctuations. In this regard, adopting climate-smart agriculture (CSA) practices as a new approach in saffron farm management is essential. These practices help increase resilience and adaptability to the impacts of climate change and can lead to improved saffron production under adverse climatic conditions. Agriculture, especially saffron plantations, is exposed to climate change. This is especially serious in the case of Sarayan city, which was one of the main centers of saffron production. Consequently, saffron farmers have faced food insecurity and job loss or change. At the same time, these areas have faced a remarkable decrease in precipitation and exposure to the adverse consequences of global warming. Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA) practices seek to use new methods of saffron management while creating flexibility and adaptability to the effects of climate change and increasing saffron production. This study helps to understand the status of implementation of smart climate on smallholder farmers in the villages of Sarayan city. This study used descriptive statistics to describe the socio-economic characteristics of smallholder farmers and identified the main needs, practices and limitations of climate smart agriculture practices. Materials and Methods: Climate-smart agriculture is an approach to identifying production systems that can best respond to the effects of climate change and to adapting these systems to local conditions. This study employs a descriptive-analytical method using questionnaires and targeted sampling in 13 villages that have the highest saffron production. It describes the socio-economic characteristics of smallholder farmers in four villages of Sarayan city and identifies the main needs, methods, and limitations regarding climate-smart agriculture. The results show that the average saffron farmer is 40 years old, has a family size of 5 people, and possesses 21 years of farming experience, cultivating on 1 hectare of land. The majority of saffron growers have accepted at least one feature of climate-smart agriculture in their management practices. The most selected strategies by saffron growers are adaptation, reducing the effects of climate change, and profitability, respectively, as solutions to mitigate saffron product loss during the production season. The most significant tools and variables of the study included focus group discussions, key informant interviews, observations, and quantitative data, which were analyzed using QGIS 3.1 and SPSS 26 software. Surveys were conducted among smallholder farmers in the four districts of Barakuh, Saghaleh, and Mosabbi, which encompass a population of 9938 and 3270 households. Consequently, villages with more than 100 households whose primary livelihood depended on agriculture, especially saffron, were selected. Purposeful sampling was employed to select 22 rural communities. The Cochran formula was used to determine the sample size, and its reliability and validity were confirmed. The Raosoft calculator was utilized to determine the sample size from a population of 9938 farmers. In total, 323 saffron farmers were selected. Results and Discussion: Our study shows that the surveyed saffron farmers in Sarayan city have partial awareness of climate-smart agricultural tools and methods and the benefits that should be expected from their use. They have also already adopted some climate-smart agricultural tools and practices, the most important of which has been the use of crop rotation and simultaneous cultivation of two species. Increasing water use efficiency (82%) and increasing farm productivity (81%) were the most important smart approaches. This study aims to provide a better understanding of the needs and motivations of local farming communities and their willingness to participate in climate-smart agriculture to develop and deploy more appropriate plans to improve the resilience and productivity of smallholder farming systems. Conclusion: This study reveals that saffron farmers in Sarayan face significant challenges due to climate change but possess only partial awareness of climate-smart agricultural practices. While simple methods like crop rotation and intercropping have been adopted, more advanced solutions such as soil management and genetic improvements encounter barriers, including limited technical knowledge, financial resources, and local support networks. Success in this context requires a combination of specialized training, financial incentives, and infrastructure development. Focusing on young farmers and strengthening local collaborations can enhance resilience and productivity in saffron cultivation. Ultimately, climate-smart agriculture strategies in this region should include improving water management, optimizing soil health, diversifying crops, and strengthening knowledge-sharing systems.

Nowadays the climate change is one of the main concerns of International Community. This problem, since 1979, has been addressed by the United Nations. Through the several international and regional conferences the UN has progressively developed the policies and-measures to face the mentioned changes. The stabilization and reduction of the emission of greenhouse gas, and the adaptation to climate change are three policies of the UN in this regard. In this regard, UN Framework Convention on Climate Change and Kyoto Protocol are presenting some legal measures for stabilization and reduction of the emission of greenhouse gas. International Community, through adoption of these Documents, has filled the normative gap in this area and could produce considerable solidarity for facing this crisis. However, the concerns regarding implementation of the mentioned international norms are remained.